Prof. AN Sadhu
Jammu and Kashmir has undergone significant changes over the past year and appears ready for a fresh identity in 2025 and beyond. The former state, now a union territory with a reduced geographic footprint and altered political status, held elections for the first time in a decade. While the elections were generally welcomed, they likely did not meet everyone’s expectations. The electoral process was intense, occurring in the aftermath of the August 2019 changes, which diminished the state’s status by transforming it into a union territory and revoking special provisions under Article 370 and 35A. These alterations were met with mixed reactions; the state experienced geographical, demographic, and socio-cultural contraction, which highlighted its exclusivity—a stark contrast to its previously inclusive character that had often led to comparisons with “mini-India,” while also being regarded as the country’s crown jewel. The ramifications of the 2019 changes were analyzed not only politically but also through socio-cultural and strategic lenses. The ruling BJP fulfilled its pledge to abrogate Article 370 to align the state more closely with other Indian states, though questions remain about the potential application of protective measures for Jammu and Kashmir akin to those for northeastern states. The response to the 2019 alterations was undoubtedly varied.
The Government’s assertion that the 2019 changes would pave the way for socio-economic transformation has seen some success in recent years. Infrastructure improvements—encompassing roads, railways, air services, tourism, and investment—have received governmental focus. However, despite visible progress, a sentiment of dissatisfaction persists, stemming from unfulfilled commitments made by constitutional authorities to the people of Jammu and Kashmir. This discontent was notably manifested in the Kashmir Valley, where voters largely supported the National Conference (NC), which campaigned on a platform promising the restoration of constitutional rights as they existed prior to August 2019. Additionally, the 2024 elections revealed a stark political divide: while the NC is firmly established in Kashmir, the BJP has solidified its position in Jammu, with limited traction for other political parties. This polarization could lead to ideological conflicts that may hinder the future socio-economic development of the union territory, particularly if its original status is reinstated. Over the past five years, the region has also experienced various developments, such as adjustments to reservation policies, reconfiguration of parliamentary boundaries, and shifts in strategies to manage cross-border terrorism. These developments pose significant challenges in the post-election landscape, making 2025 a crucial period for the government to craft effective strategies for satisfying all constituents.
Restoring full statehood as soon as possible is essential to empower local leadership in this transformed political environment. Not only would this restoration reflect the changes in Jammu and Kashmir’s political status, but it could also foster improved relations between the central government and the state, yielding political benefits at both national and international levels. The unique sensitivities of this border state necessitate ongoing engagement in confidence-building measures. There must be a greater investment of time and resources into developmental initiatives rather than ideological narratives. As a young nation, India’s youth are more concerned with improving their quality of life than with complex ideological debates. Every Indian takes pride in the nation’s rich civilization, and the reinstatement of statehood will facilitate streamlined administrative control, enhancing systemic efficiency and accountability in governance. An overly complex model may lead to conflicts, even with good intentions, due to differing perceptions, potentially disrupting smooth governmental operations unless there is sufficient adaptability for reconciliatory resolutions.
Ideological disputes should not obstruct the effective functioning of the government, nor should they turn into obstacles that hinder progress. Leadership must focus on developmental objectives, necessitating a coherent synchronization of ideas to maximize public benefit. Jammu and Kashmir has a notable history of peace, tolerance, and brotherhood—particularly during the Dogra rule—which can inform strategies to ensure that the union territory keeps pace with rapid socio-economic transformations in the global landscape.
A primary challenge for the authorities is to ensure the safe return and rehabilitation of displaced Kashmiri Pandits, ensuring their dignity and security. After 36 years, it is imperative for the government to facilitate the resettlement of this community in their homeland. Encroachments on their religious sites and private properties have persisted, with little effective action from the government to counter these threats. Immediate attention is needed to correct the alterations made to the names of historic Hindu religious sites. Both state and central governments must fulfill their obligations to address this situation without delay. The ongoing dilemma surrounding the rehabilitation of displaced persons reflects poorly on the largest democracy in the world.
The state and central governments must avoid letting the next five years become mired in conflict; statesmanship requires prioritizing development over ideological disputes. The youth should be encouraged to engage positively rather than becoming vulnerable to exploitation that harms society. Promoting occupational diversification, especially in agriculture and tourism, can create job opportunities for young people. Enhanced connectivity through roads, rail, and air should stimulate industrial activity, particularly in the Jammu division, which has easy access to nearby markets. Given Jammu and Kashmir’s geo-strategic importance, it deserves ongoing special attention. Optimistically, the region appears to be on the brink of a brighter future.
